Water Resources
Uttarakhand Board · Class 12 · Geography
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India's Water Resource Endowment
- India covers 2.45% of world's surface area but has only 4% of world's water resources while supporting 17% of world's population
- Total annual precipitation in India: 4,000 cubic km
- Available surface water and replenishable groundwater: 1,869 cubic km
Surface Water Resources
- Four major sources: rivers, lakes, ponds, and tanks
- About 10,360 rivers and tributaries longer than 1.6 km each
- Mean annual flow in all river basins: 1,869 cubic km
Groundwater Resources
- Total replenishable groundwater: 432 cubic km
- High utilization in northwestern regions and parts of South India
- Very high utilization: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
Sectoral Water Utilization
- Agriculture dominates water usage: 89% surface water, 92% groundwater
- Industrial sector: 2% surface water, 5% groundwater
- Domestic sector: 9% surface water, 3% groundwater
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