Carbon and its Compounds
Uttar Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Science
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Explore the full setWhy can carbon form such a large number of compounds compared to other elements?
Answer
Carbon has two unique properties: 1) Tetravalency - can form 4 bonds with other atoms, 2) Catenation - ability to form long chains with other carbon atoms. The carbon-carbon bond is strong and stable,…
A student burns methane (CH₄) in limited air supply and gets a yellow sooty flame. Why does this happen?
Answer
In limited air supply, incomplete combustion occurs. Methane doesn't get enough oxygen to form CO₂ completely, producing carbon particles (soot) that glow yellow-hot in the flame. Complete combustion …
What is covalent bonding and why does carbon form covalent bonds?
Answer
Covalent bonding is sharing of electron pairs between atoms to achieve stable electronic configuration. Carbon (atomic number 6) has 4 valence electrons. It cannot easily gain or lose 4 electrons to f…
How do you test if a compound contains carbon?
Answer
Burn the compound in air. If carbon is present, it will produce CO₂ gas. Test the gas by passing it through lime water (Ca(OH)₂). If lime water turns milky, CO₂ is present, confirming carbon in the or…
Why does diamond conduct no electricity while graphite conducts electricity well?
Answer
In diamond, each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds with other carbons in a rigid 3D structure - all electrons are localized in bonds. In graphite, each carbon forms 3 bonds in layers with one free el…
What happens when ethanol reacts with sodium metal? Write the reaction.
Answer
Ethanol reacts with sodium to produce hydrogen gas and sodium ethoxide: 2Na + 2C₂H₅OH → 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂. This reaction is similar to water reacting with sodium. The hydrogen gas can be tested by bringin…
How do you convert ethanol to ethene? What is this process called?
Answer
Heat ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid at 443K (170°C): C₂H₅OH → C₂H₄ + H₂O. This is called dehydration because water is removed. Concentrated H₂SO₄ acts as a dehydrating agent. The product ethe…
What are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons? Give examples.
Answer
Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms (alkanes). Example: CH₄ (methane), C₂H₆ (ethane). Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds between carbons. Example…
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