Structure of Atom

Through cathode ray tube experiments

Through cathode ray tube experiments, scientists discovered electrons (negatively charged), protons (positively charged), and neutrons (neutral). J.J.

Thomson's 'plum pudding' model depicted atoms

Thomson's 'plum pudding' model depicted atoms as spheres of positive charge with embedded electrons. Rutherford's nuclear model, based on α-particle s

Bohr proposed that electrons move

Bohr proposed that electrons move in fixed circular orbits around the nucleus with quantized energy levels. Energy is absorbed or emitted only when el

Electromagnetic radiation exhibits both wave

Electromagnetic radiation exhibits both wave and particle properties (photons). De Broglie extended this duality to matter, proposing that particles h

It's impossible to simultaneously determine

It's impossible to simultaneously determine the exact position and momentum of an electron. Mathematically: Δx × Δp ≥ h/4π. This principle explains wh