Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications
CBSE · Class 12 · Applied Mathematics
Complete topic list for Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications in CBSE Class 12 Applied Mathematics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications
Modular Arithmetic
- Modular arithmetic deals with remainders when integers are divided by a fixed positive integer
- X mod Y = R means X = Y × Q + R where 0 ≤ R < Y
- Properties: (A+B) mod C = (A mod C + B mod C) mod C
Simple Arithmetic Functions
- Arithmetic functions map positive integers to real or complex numbers
- Euler's totient function φ(n) counts numbers coprime to n
- Divisor function τ(n) counts positive divisors of n
Alligation and Mixture
- Alligation finds ratio for mixing ingredients at different prices
- Mean price is the cost per unit of the final mixture
- Rule: Ratio = (Higher price - Mean price) : (Mean price - Lower price)
Boats and Streams
- Downstream speed = Boat speed + Stream speed
- Upstream speed = Boat speed - Stream speed
- Boat speed = (Downstream + Upstream)/2
Key Concepts
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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