CBSE Class 12 Computer Science — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: Syntax errors (also called parsing errors) occur when we don't follow the rules of Python programming language while writing code. They are detected before program execution begins. The interpreter di

A: An exception is a Python object that represents an error that occurs during program execution, even when the code is syntactically correct. Examples include division by zero, opening a non-existent fi

A: ZeroDivisionError is a built-in exception that occurs when attempting to divide a number by zero. Example: 10/0 or x/y where y=0. This is mathematically undefined, so Python raises this exception to p

A: A file is a named location on a secondary storage media where data are permanently stored for later access. It allows programs to store and retrieve data beyond the program's execution time.

A: 1. Text files - consist of human readable characters (like .txt, .py, .csv files) 2. Binary files - contain non-human readable data requiring specific programs to access (like images, videos, executab

A: file_object = open(file_name, access_mode) Example: myfile = open("data.txt", "r") The function returns a file object that establishes a link between the program and the data file.

A: A Stack is a linear data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. Elements are added and removed from the same end, called the TOP of the stack. Like a pile of books or plates, y

A: LIFO stands for Last-In-First-Out. In a stack, the element that was inserted last (most recently) will be the first one to be removed. This is similar to how you would remove books from a pile - you t

A: PUSH is an insertion operation that adds a new element at the TOP of the stack. In Python, this is implemented using the append() method. The new element becomes the topmost element of the stack.