Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
CBSE · Class 12 · Geography
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See them allDefine environmental pollution and list its four main types based on the medium of transport.
Answer
Environmental pollution is the release of substances and energy from waste products of human activities. The four main types are: (i) Air pollution - through atmosphere, (ii) Water pollution - through…
What are the major sources of air pollution and the main pollutants involved?
Answer
Major sources: Combustion of coal, petrol and diesel, industrial processes, solid waste disposal, sewage disposal. Main pollutants: Oxides of sulphur (SO2, SO3), oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, h…
Which industries are the major contributors to water pollution and what types of pollutants do they release?
Answer
Major water polluting industries: Leather, pulp and paper, textiles and chemicals. Pollutants: Industrial wastes, polluted wastewater, poisonous gases, chemical residuals, heavy metals (lead, arsenic,…
Describe the pollution problems in River Ganga and identify the main polluting cities.
Answer
Pollution in Ganga: (a) Downstream of Kanpur - industrial pollution, (b) Downstream of Varanasi - domestic wastes, (c) Farrakka Barrage - dumping of carcasses. Main polluting cities: Kanpur, Allahabad…
What is the Namami Gange Programme and list its main objectives?
Answer
Namami Gange Programme is a Union Government initiative to clean River Ganga. Objectives: (1) Developing sewerage treatment systems in towns, (2) Monitoring industrial effluents, (3) Development of ri…
How do agricultural activities contribute to water pollution?
Answer
Agricultural activities contribute through: (1) Use of inorganic fertilizers that increase nitrate content in surface waters, (2) Pesticides and herbicides that wash down to rivers, lakes and tanks, (…
What are the health impacts of water pollution mentioned in the text?
Answer
Water pollution causes various water-borne diseases including: diarrhea, intestinal worms, hepatitis. According to WHO, about one-fourth of communicable diseases in India are water-borne. Almost all s…
Define air pollution and explain what causes urban smog.
Answer
Air pollution is the addition of contaminants like dust, fumes, gas, fog, odour, smoke or vapour to air in substantial proportion and duration that may be harmful to flora, fauna and property. Urban s…
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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