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Formula Sheet

Atoms — Formula Sheet

HP CET · Physics

Free Atoms formula sheet for HP CET Physics 2026 — all important formulas, equations, and constants for quick reference.

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An illustration of Rutherford's atomic model, showing a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center and electrons revolving around it in orbits, with most of the atom being empty space.
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Formula Sheet — Atoms

Important formulas and equations from Atoms for HP CET Physics.

Formulas — Atoms

Rutherford's Alpha-Particle Scattering

b = (Ze²cot(θ/2))/(4πε₀Eₖ)
r₀ = (2Ze²)/(4πε₀Eₖ)
N ∝ 1/sin⁴(θ/2)

Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom

mvr = nh/2π
rₙ = (0.53 × n²)/Z Å
Eₙ = -13.6Z²/n² eV
vₙ = (2.18 × 10⁶ × Z)/n m/s

Atomic Spectra and Spectral Series

1/λ = R(1/nf² - 1/ni²)
1/λ = R(1/1² - 1/n²), n = 2,3,4...
1/λ = R(1/2² - 1/n²), n = 3,4,5...
1/λ = R(1/3² - 1/n²), n = 4,5,6...

X-rays and Characteristic Radiation

λmin = hc/eV = 1242/V nm
λ = hc/(EK - EL) for Kα

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Frequently Asked Questions

What topics are covered in Atoms for HP CET?
Atoms is an important chapter in HP CET Physics. It covers key concepts and formulas that are frequently tested in the exam. Key topics include: Rutherford's Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment, Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom, Atomic Spectra and Spectral Series, X-ray Spectra and Characteristic X-rays.
How important is Atoms for HP CET?
Atoms is a frequently tested chapter in HP CET Physics. Questions from this chapter appear regularly in previous year papers. There are 243 practice questions available for this chapter.
How to prepare Atoms for HP CET?
Start by understanding the core concepts, then solve practice questions. Focus on formulas and their applications. Use revision notes for quick review before the exam.

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