Wave Optics
Gujarat Board · Class 12 · Physics
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Huygens Principle and Wave Theory
- Huygens principle states that every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets
- The new wavefront is formed by the envelope of all secondary wavelets
- Wave theory correctly predicted that light travels slower in denser media
Coherent Sources and Interference
- Coherent sources maintain constant phase difference over time
- Interference occurs when two or more waves superpose at a point
- Constructive interference occurs when path difference = nλ
Young's Double Slit Experiment
- Young's experiment proved the wave nature of light conclusively
- Two coherent sources are created by illuminating two slits with single source
- Bright and dark fringes are equally spaced on the screen
Single Slit Diffraction
- Single slit produces diffraction pattern with central bright maximum
- Pattern has alternating bright and dark regions
- Central maximum is twice as wide as other maxima
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