Motion in one Dimension

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Scalar quantities are physical quantities that are expressed only by their magnitude. They need only unit and numerical value to be completely expressed. Examples: mass (5 kg), distance (10 m), speed

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Vector quantities are physical quantities that require both magnitude and direction to be completely expressed. They need unit, numerical value, and direction. Examples: displacement (10 m east), velo

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Distance is the total length of path through which a body moves. Characteristics: (1) It is a scalar quantity, (2) It depends on the path followed, (3) It is always positive, (4) S.I. unit is metre (m

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Displacement is the shortest distance from initial to final position of a body, in a specified direction. Characteristics: (1) It is a vector quantity, (2) It does not depend on path, (3) Can be posit

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Total distance = 4 km + 3 km = 7 km Displacement = √(4² + 3²) = √(16 + 9) = √25 = 5 km Direction: tan θ = 3/4, so θ = 36.9° north of east Displacement = 5 km at 36.9° north of east

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Speed is the rate of change of distance with time. It is the distance travelled per unit time. Formula: Speed = Distance/Time or v = S/t Unit: m/s (SI), cm/s (CGS) Speed is a scalar quantity and is al

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Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time. It is displacement per unit time in a specified direction. Formula: Velocity = Displacement/Time or v = s/t Unit: m/s (SI), cm/s (CGS) Velocit

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Uniform speed: A body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time. Example: Ball rolling on frictionless surface. Non-uniform speed: A body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time.