Motion

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Distance = 100 km + 60 km = 160 km (total path length) Displacement = 100 km - 60 km = 40 km north (shortest distance from start to end position)

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Displacement is the shortest distance from initial to final position. If an object returns to its starting point, displacement = 0, but it has traveled a certain path length (distance > 0). Example: R

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Average speed = Total distance / Total time = 180 km / 3 h = 60 km/h Converting to m/s: 60 × (1000/3600) = 60 × (5/18) = 16.67 m/s

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Speed is distance traveled per unit time (scalar - only magnitude). Velocity is displacement per unit time (vector - has both magnitude and direction). Example: A car moving at 50 km/h eastward has sp

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Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time a = (v - u) / t = (15 - 0) / 5 = 3 m/s² The cyclist's velocity increases by 3 m/s every second.

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Due to inertia - our body tends to remain at rest while the bus accelerates forward. This creates a relative backward motion, making us feel pushed back against the seat. This demonstrates Newton's fi

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Uniform motion occurs when an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, maintaining constant speed. Example: A car moving at steady 60 km/h on a straight highway, covering 1 km every m

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Speed = slope of distance-time graph. Draw a triangle on the graph: horizontal side = time interval, vertical side = distance traveled. Speed = vertical side / horizontal side. Steeper slope = higher