Coordination Compounds

The coordination sphere consists of

The coordination sphere consists of the central metal ion and directly bonded ligands, enclosed in square brackets. For example, in K₄[Fe(CN)₆], the c

Ligands are electron

Ligands are electron-pair donors that coordinate to the central metal ion. Monodentate ligands (Cl⁻, NH₃, H₂O) have one donor atom, while polydentate

Coordination number equals the number

Coordination number equals the number of ligand donor atoms directly attached to the central metal ion. For [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]⁺, C.N. = 6. Oxidation state

Werner proposed that metals have primary

Werner proposed that metals have primary valencies (satisfied by anions, ionizable) and secondary valencies (satisfied by ligands, non-ionizable). For

Key rules

Key rules: (1) Ligands before metal, (2) Anionic ligands end in '-o' (Cl⁻ → chloro) or '-ato' (SO₄²⁻ → sulfato), (3) Use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- fo