Electrostatics
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Physics
Complete topic list for Electrostatics in Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Electrostatics
Electric Field and Gauss's Law Applications
- Gauss's law: ∮E⃗·ds⃗ = q/ε₀ is used to find electric field for symmetric charge distributions
- Electric field due to uniformly charged sphere: E = q/(4πε₀r²) outside the sphere, E = 0 inside
- Electric field due to infinite line charge: E = λ/(2πε₀r) where λ is linear charge density
Electric Potential and Potential Energy
- Electric potential V = W/q = work done per unit positive charge to bring from infinity
- Potential due to point charge: V = q/(4πε₀r)
- Potential energy of system of charges: U = (1/2)Σqᵢqⱼ/(4πε₀rᵢⱼ)
Conductors and Electrostatic Properties
- Inside conductor: E = 0, potential is constant
- Charges reside only on surface of conductor in electrostatic equilibrium
- Electric field just outside conductor surface is perpendicular: E = σ/ε₀
Dielectrics and Polarization
- Dielectrics: insulators that can be polarized by electric field
- Polar molecules: permanent dipole moment (H₂O, HCl)
- Non-polar molecules: induced dipole moment in external field (H₂, CO₂)
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