Freedom
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Political Science
Quick revision notes for Freedom — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 11 Political Science. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
Key Topics to Revise
Understanding Freedom - Basic Concepts
- Freedom represents the desire of people to control their own lives and destinies
- It involves the ability to express oneself freely through choices and activities
- Both individuals and societies value independence and wish to protect their culture
Swaraj - The Indian Concept of Freedom
- Swaraj incorporates 'Swa' (self) and 'Raj' (rule) - meaning both rule of the self and rule over self
- In freedom struggle context, Swaraj referred to constitutional, political, and social-collective freedom
- Tilak's famous statement: 'Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it'
Negative and Positive Liberty
- Negative liberty: Freedom as absence of external constraints - 'freedom from'
- Defines an inviolable area where individuals can act without interference
- Answers the question: 'Over what area am I the master?'
The Harm Principle - John Stuart Mill
- Mill's principle: Power can only be exercised over individuals to prevent harm to others
- Distinction between 'self-regarding' and 'other-regarding' actions
- Self-regarding actions affect only the individual - no external interference justified
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