NIOS Class 10 Social Studies — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: The Bronze Age was the period when people began using bronze (an alloy of copper and tin) for making tools and weapons. It began towards the end of the New Stone Age, around 3000-2500 BC. This period

A: The civilization that developed between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates (modern-day Iraq). Key features: fertile land due to river flooding and silt deposits, development of Cuneiform script (wedge-li

A: Harappan cities showed remarkable urban planning: well-planned cities with wide roads meeting at right angles, brick-built two-story houses, advanced drainage and sewage systems, wells and baths in ea

A: The Medieval Period is the time between the Ancient and Modern periods, roughly from 500-1500 CE. Europeans in the 17th century called it 'Middle Ages' because they saw it as a long interruption betwe

A: Feudalism was a hierarchical system of political organization in medieval Europe after the Roman Empire's collapse. Structure from top to bottom: King → Dukes and Earls → Barons → Knights. Each level

A: Serfs were dependent peasants in medieval Europe, tied to the land and completely subject to the lord's authority. They worked on parcels of the manor in exchange for protection. They paid 'rent' thro

A: Renaissance literally means 'rebirth'. It was a cultural and intellectual movement that began in Italy around the 14th century AD. It marked the end of the medieval period and the beginning of the mod

A: Feudalism was a medieval system where people were given land and protection by lords in return for their labor and military service. It declined due to: rise of towns and cities, revival of trade, gro

A: Renaissance humanism emphasized: 1) Creative potential of human beings, 2) Humans as the central concern of study, 3) Right to seek joy and pleasures in this world, 4) Use of reason over blind faith,