Thermodynamics
Telangana Board · Class 12 · Physics
Flashcards for Thermodynamics — Telangana Board Class 12 Physics. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Define heat and state its SI unit. What is the relationship between calorie and joule?
Answer
Heat is the form of energy transferred between two systems or a system and its surroundings due to temperature difference. Heat always flows from higher temperature to lower temperature body. SI Unit…
State the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and explain its significance.
Answer
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: If two bodies A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third body C, then A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. Significance: - Provides t…
What is an indicator diagram (P-V diagram)? How do you calculate work done from it?
Answer
Indicator Diagram: A graph plotted between pressure (P) on Y-axis and volume (V) on X-axis showing how pressure varies with volume during a thermodynamic process. Work Done Calculation: W = ∫PdV = Ar…
Define internal energy. What are its components and how is it related to work?
Answer
Internal Energy (U): The sum of kinetic energies and potential energies of all molecules in a system. Components: 1. Internal Kinetic Energy: Due to random motion of molecules 2. Internal Potential E…
State the First Law of Thermodynamics with mathematical expression and sign conventions.
Answer
First Law of Thermodynamics: The change in internal energy of a system equals the sum of heat given to it and work done on it. Mathematical Expression: ΔU = Q - W or Q = ΔU + W Sign Conventions: 1…
Compare isothermal and adiabatic processes with their characteristics.
Answer
ISOTHERMAL PROCESS: - Temperature constant (T = constant) - Q ≠ 0, ΔU = 0, W ≠ 0 - Q = W (all heat converts to work) - System in thermal contact with surroundings - Process is slow ADIABATIC PROCESS:…
Define isobaric and isochoric processes. What are the key equations for each?
Answer
ISOBARIC PROCESS: - Pressure constant (P = constant) - W = PΔV = P(V₂ - V₁) - Q = ΔU + W - Example: Heating water under atmospheric pressure ISOCHORIC PROCESS: - Volume constant (V = constant) - W = …
What is a cyclic process? What special condition applies to internal energy in such processes?
Answer
Cyclic Process: A thermodynamic process where the system returns to its initial state after completing the process. Special Condition: ΔU = 0 (No change in internal energy) Consequence: Q = W (Heat …
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