Thinking

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Thinking is a higher mental process through which we manipulate and analyze acquired or existing information. It involves abstracting, reasoning, imagining, problem solving, judging, and decision-maki…

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Thinking relies on two main forms of mental representation: 1) Mental Images - visual representations of objects, places, and events that we can manipulate in our mind's eye, and 2) Concepts - mental …

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A concept is a mental representation of a category that refers to a class of objects, ideas, or events sharing common properties. Concept formation is important because it helps organize knowledge, ma…

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Analytical thinking involves analyzing each object separately and focusing on the most outstanding features (common in Americans). Holistic thinking involves considering the relationship between objec…

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1) Identify the problem, 2) Represent the problem clearly, 3) Plan the solution by setting sub-goals, 4) Evaluate all possible solutions, 5) Select one solution and execute it, 6) Evaluate the outcome…

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Mental set is the tendency to solve problems by following already tried mental operations or steps. While prior success with a strategy can help solve new problems, it creates mental rigidity that pre…

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Functional fixedness occurs when people fail to solve problems because they are fixed on a thing's usual function. For example, not thinking of using a hardbound book as a hammer because we only see i…

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Deductive reasoning begins with a general assumption and draws specific conclusions (general to particular). Example: All birds can fly → Sparrow is a bird → Sparrow can fly. Inductive reasoning draws…