Biomolecules
Uttar Pradesh Board · Class 11 · Biology
Flashcards for Biomolecules — Uttar Pradesh Board Class 11 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is the key difference between elemental composition of living organisms and non-living matter like earth's crust?
Answer
While both contain the same elements, living organisms have a higher relative abundance of carbon and hydrogen compared to other elements. The most abundant chemical in living organisms is water, whic…
Define biomolecules and explain how they are obtained from living tissues.
Answer
Biomolecules are carbon compounds found in living tissues. They are obtained by grinding living tissue in trichloroacetic acid, which separates compounds into two fractions: acid-soluble pool (small m…
What are α-amino acids? Describe their basic structure.
Answer
α-amino acids are organic compounds with an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to the same carbon (α-carbon). They have four substituents: hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group, …
Classify amino acids based on their R groups with examples.
Answer
Based on R groups: Acidic (glutamic acid - has extra COOH), Basic (lysine - has extra NH2), Neutral (valine), and Aromatic (tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan). Simple examples: Glycine (R = H), Alan…
What are fatty acids? Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with examples.
Answer
Fatty acids have a carboxyl group attached to an R group (hydrocarbon chain). Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds (e.g., palmitic acid - 16 carbons). Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more C=…
Explain the structure of triglycerides and distinguish between fats and oils.
Answer
Triglycerides are lipids where three fatty acids are esterified with glycerol (trihydroxy propane). Fats have higher melting points and are solid at room temperature, while oils have lower melting poi…
What are phospholipids? Give an example and state their importance.
Answer
Phospholipids are lipids containing phosphorus and a phosphorylated organic compound. Example: Lecithin. They are crucial components of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and selective per…
Define nucleosides and nucleotides. Provide examples of each.
Answer
Nucleosides: Nitrogen base + Sugar (e.g., adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, uridine, cytidine). Nucleotides: Nucleoside + Phosphate group (e.g., adenylic acid, thymidylic acid, guanylic acid, uridylic …
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