Amines
CBSE · Class 12 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Amines — CBSE Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Structure and Classification of Amines
- Amines are derivatives of ammonia where H atoms are replaced by alkyl/aryl groups
- Nitrogen in amines is sp³ hybridized with pyramidal geometry
- Bond angle C-N-E is less than 109.5° due to lone pair repulsion (108° in trimethylamine)
Nomenclature of Amines
- Common system: alkyl group + amine (e.g., methylamine)
- For multiple same groups: use di-, tri- prefixes
- IUPAC system: Primary amines as alkanamines (replace 'e' of alkane with 'amine')
Preparation of Amines
- Reduction of nitro compounds: Using H₂/Ni, Pd, Pt or Fe/HCl
- Ammonolysis of alkyl halides: R-X + NH₃ → RNH₂ + HX (gives mixture)
- Reduction of nitriles: RCN + LiAlH₄ → RCH₂NH₂ (ascent of amine series)
Physical Properties of Amines
- Lower aliphatic amines are gases with fishy odor
- Primary amines (C₃ and above) are liquids; higher ones are solids
- Aniline and arylamines are colorless but get colored on storage (oxidation)
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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