Earth as a Planet
ICSE · Class 9 · Geography
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Earth's Position in the Universe
- Earth is part of the Solar System, which is a tiny part of the Milky Way galaxy
- The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy containing billions of stars
- Our Solar System has 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Earth's Realms and Spheres
- Earth consists of three main spheres: Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere
- Lithosphere: Solid rocky crust containing igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks
- Hydrosphere: 71% water coverage (oceans, seas, lakes, rivers) vs 29% land
Shape and Size of Earth
- Earth's shape is an oblate spheroid - slightly flattened at poles, bulging at equator
- Also called 'Geoid' meaning 'Earth-shaped'
- Ancient people believed Earth was flat like a table
Proofs of Earth's Spherical Shape
- All celestial bodies (Sun, Moon, planets) appear circular, so Earth should be too
- Circumnavigation: People traveling in different directions return to starting point
- Line of visibility increases with height: Ship's mast visible before hull
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