Cell Structure and Function
Telangana Board · Class 12 · Biology
Flashcards for Cell Structure and Function — Telangana Board Class 12 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is a cell? Provide the complete definition including its components.
Answer
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It may be defined as a unit of protoplasm bounded by a plasma membrane or cell membrane and possessing a nucleus. Protoplasm is the life-giv…
State the modern cell theory and name the scientists who contributed to it.
Answer
Modern Cell Theory includes: 1) The basic structural and functional unit of life is a cell, 2) All cells have the same chemical composition and genetic information (DNA), 3) All cells arise from pre-e…
Compare unicellular and multicellular organisms with examples.
Answer
Unicellular organisms: Body consists of a single cell that performs all vital functions (feeding, movement, respiration). Examples: Bacteria, protozoans. Multicellular organisms: Body consists of many…
What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer
Prokaryotes: Nuclear material not bound by nuclear membrane, DNA floating in cytoplasm, no ER/Golgi/mitochondria/lysosomes, 70S ribosomes, no compartments. Examples: Bacteria. Eukaryotes: Definite nuc…
List 5 major differences between plant and animal cells.
Answer
1) Plant cells have rigid cell wall, animal cells have flexible plasma membrane. 2) Plant cells are larger, animal cells are smaller. 3) Plant cells have plastids (chloroplasts), animal cells lack pla…
Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model of plasma membrane. Who proposed it?
Answer
The Fluid Mosaic Model was proposed by Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson in 1972. It describes plasma membrane as a lipid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins. Phospholipids are amphipathi…
What are the main functions of plasma membrane?
Answer
1) Protects cell from injury. 2) Compartmentalization - separates cell from external environment. 3) Endocytosis - intake of materials. 4) Exocytosis - disposal of secretory/waste products. 5) Active …
Explain the difference between diffusion and osmosis.
Answer
Diffusion: Movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration without energy requirement. Example: Absorption of glucose in cells. Osmosis: Movement of water molecules from higher to lower conce…
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