The Solid State
Telangana Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Flashcards for The Solid State — Telangana Board Class 12 Chemistry. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What are the three states of matter and how do the constituent particles differ in each state?
Answer
The three states are: 1) Gas - particles have maximum kinetic energy, move freely, weak intermolecular forces, highly compressible. 2) Liquid - particles have moderate kinetic energy, can flow, modera…
Define crystalline and amorphous solids with examples.
Answer
Crystalline solids: Particles arranged in regular, periodic pattern with long-range order. Examples: NaCl, sucrose, diamond. Amorphous solids: Particles have only short-range order, random arrangement…
What is Steno's law of constancy of interfacial angles?
Answer
Steno's law states that for a given crystalline substance, the interfacial angle between any two corresponding faces remains constant regardless of the size and shape of the crystal. The interfacial a…
Classify crystalline solids based on intermolecular forces with examples.
Answer
1) Ionic solids - Coulombic forces between ions (NaCl, ZnS) - hard, brittle, high melting point. 2) Molecular solids - van der Waals forces between molecules (I₂, CO₂, H₂O) - soft, low melting point.
Explain the relationship between melting point and intermolecular forces in solids.
Answer
Melting point indicates the strength of binding forces between constituent particles. Strong forces → High melting point: Ionic solids (NaCl: 1077K) due to strong coulombic forces; Covalent solids (di…
Compare square close packing and hexagonal close packing in two dimensions.
Answer
Square close packing: Spheres arranged in aligned rows, each sphere touches 4 others, less efficient packing. Hexagonal close packing: Second row spheres fit in depressions of first row, each sphere t…
Define tetrahedral and octahedral voids with their coordination numbers.
Answer
Tetrahedral void: Formed when a sphere of the second layer rests on a triangular void of the first layer, surrounded by 4 spheres arranged at corners of a tetrahedron. Coordination number = 4. Octahed…
What are the two types of three-dimensional close packing and their patterns?
Answer
1) Hexagonal Close Packing (hcp): ABAB... pattern where third layer aligns with first layer. Tetrahedral voids of second layer are occupied. 2) Cubic Close Packing (ccp): ABCABC... pattern where third…
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