Memory and Forgetting

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Memory is a process of reviving past experience in present situation in a meaningful way. It is the mental operation through which we collect and retain past experiences in our brain for future use.

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1. Encoding - Acquiring sensory input and transforming it into neural codes 2. Storage - Retaining encoded information in memory through consolidation 3. Retrieval - Bringing stored information back t…

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Encoding is the first stage of memory where sensory input is acquired and transformed into neural codes that can be stored. It can happen unconsciously or can be made more powerful through conscious a…

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Consolidation refers to the necessary changes that occur in the brain for storage of encoded information. This process usually happens automatically and helps in forming permanent memories.

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Sensory memory stores information received through sense organs in its original form. Visual images remain for less than 1 second, while sound images remain for about 2 seconds. It has minimum duratio…

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1. Iconic Visual Memory - Memory of objects or persons we have seen, lasting up to 1 second as visual marks 2. Echoic Auditory Memory - Memory of heard voices retained in mind for less than a second…

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Short Term Memory can retain 7±2 units of information (according to George Miller) for 20-30 seconds. It's also called 'Temporary Memory' and has limited storage capacity. The telephone number example…

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George Miller (1956) showed that STM limitations can be overcome by grouping information into chunks. For example, 52973125 can be remembered as 52-97-31-25 (four groups instead of eight individual di…