Data And Their Representations
NIOS · Class 10 · Maths
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Statistics and Data Types
- Statistics has dual meaning: plural (numerical data) and singular (the subject dealing with data)
- Primary data is collected directly by investigator; Secondary data is obtained from published sources
- Raw data is unorganized; Arrayed data is arranged in ascending/descending order
Frequency Distribution Tables
- Ungrouped frequency distribution shows individual values with their frequencies
- Grouped frequency distribution organizes data into class intervals
- Class interval has lower limit and upper limit
Cumulative Frequency
- Cumulative frequency = frequency of current class + all previous frequencies
- Last cumulative frequency equals total number of observations
- Helps answer questions about 'less than' a certain value
Graphical Representations
- Bar graphs have equal width bars with gaps between them
- Histograms have no gaps between bars and represent continuous data
- Frequency polygons are formed by joining midpoints of histogram bars
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Central concept: Data and Their Representations
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