Atomic Structure
NIOS · Class 10 · Science & Tech
All formulas from Atomic Structure in NIOS Class 10 Science & Tech. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.
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Fundamental Particles
Mass number (A) = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
Maximum electrons in shell = 2n²
Atomic Models
Electronic Configuration Rules
Valency = Valence electrons (if ≤4) OR 8 - Valence electrons (if >4)
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