Current Electricity
Telangana Board · Class 12 · Physics
Quick revision notes for Current Electricity — Telangana Board Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Electric Current and Ohm's Law
- Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a cross-sectional area
- Conventional current direction is opposite to electron flow direction
- Current flows only in closed circuits with potential difference
Grouping of Resistors
- Series combination: Same current through all resistors, different potential differences
- Parallel combination: Same potential difference across all resistors, different currents
- Series equivalent resistance is sum of individual resistances
Kirchhoff's Rules and Circuit Analysis
- Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL): Sum of currents entering a junction equals sum leaving
- Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL): Sum of potential differences around closed loop is zero
- KCL is based on conservation of charge, KVL on conservation of energy
Wheatstone Bridge
- Wheatstone bridge is used for accurate measurement of unknown resistance
- Bridge is balanced when no current flows through galvanometer
- Balance condition: P/Q = R/S or PS = QR (product of opposite arms equal)
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