Electromagnetic Waves
Telangana Board · Class 12 · Physics
Quick revision notes for Electromagnetic Waves — Telangana Board Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Displacement Current and Maxwell's Equations
- Displacement current concept was introduced by Maxwell to resolve inconsistency in Ampère's circuital law
- A time-varying electric field produces magnetic field just like conduction current
- Displacement current makes current continuous even across capacitor gaps
Nature and Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
- EM waves are transverse waves with E⃗ and B⃗ perpendicular to each other and to direction of propagation
- EM waves propagate at speed of light c = 3×10⁸ m/s in vacuum
- Electric and magnetic field amplitudes are related by E₀ = cB₀
Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves
- EM waves carry energy density proportional to E² and B²
- Energy is equally shared between electric and magnetic fields
- EM waves carry momentum and exert radiation pressure
Electromagnetic Spectrum
- EM spectrum spans enormous range of frequencies from radio waves to gamma rays
- Classification based on frequency/wavelength and method of production
- All EM waves travel at same speed c in vacuum but have different properties
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