Atoms

Proposed in 1898

Proposed in 1898, this model suggested that atoms consist of a uniformly distributed positive charge with electrons embedded like seeds in a watermelo

Conducted by Geiger and Marsden

Conducted by Geiger and Marsden in 1911, this experiment involved bombarding a thin gold foil with alpha particles. Most particles passed through, but

This model proposed that the entire

This model proposed that the entire positive charge and most of the atom's mass are concentrated in a tiny nucleus (10^-15 to 10^-14 m), with electron

According to classical electromagnetic theory

According to classical electromagnetic theory, revolving electrons should continuously emit radiation, lose energy, and spiral into the nucleus, makin

First postulate

First postulate: Electrons revolve in certain stable orbits without emitting radiation (stationary states). Second postulate: Angular momentum is quan