Periodic Classification of Elements
NIOS · Class 10 · Science & Tech
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Need for Classification and Early Attempts
- By mid-19th century, over 60 elements were known, making individual study difficult
- Classification helps in systematic study and understanding element properties
- Early classification divided elements into metals and non-metals only
Dobereiner's Triads (1829)
- J.W. Dobereiner arranged elements in groups of three called triads
- All three elements in a triad had similar physical and chemical properties
- Atomic mass of middle element = arithmetic mean of other two elements
Newlands' Law of Octaves (1864)
- John Alexander Newlands arranged elements by increasing atomic mass
- Every eighth element had properties similar to the first element
- Similar to musical octaves where 8th note repeats the first
Mendeleev's Periodic Law and Table (1869)
- Dmitri Mendeleev studied all 63 known elements and their compounds
- Arranged elements by increasing atomic mass but emphasized properties over mass
- Left gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted their properties
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