Electrical Energy

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Rubbing the comb with dry hair creates static electricity through friction. Electrons transfer from hair to comb, making the comb negatively charged. This charge creates an electric field that attract…

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Given: q₁ = +2×10⁻⁶ C, q₂ = -3×10⁻⁶ C, r = 0.1 m, k = 9×10⁹ Nm²C⁻² Using Coulomb's law: F = kq₁q₂/r² F = (9×10⁹ × 2×10⁻⁶ × 3×10⁻⁶)/(0.1)² F = 54×10⁻³/0.01 = 5.4 N Since charges are opposite, force is …

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Electric potential at a point is the work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point. It's measured in volts (V). Potential difference is the difference in potential between t…

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Given: Charge (Q) = 5C, Potential difference (V) = 12V Work done (W) = V × Q W = 12V × 5C = 60J This energy is either supplied to move positive charge to higher potential or released when moving to lo…

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Walking on carpet creates static electricity due to friction between shoe soles and carpet fibers. Charges accumulate on our body (several thousand volts). When touching the grounded metal knob, rapid…

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Electric current is the amount of charge flowing through any cross-section of a conductor per unit time. I = Q/t SI unit: Ampere (A) = 1 Coulomb/second Electrons in 1C: n = 1C ÷ (1.6×10⁻¹⁹C) = 6.25×10…

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Given: Current (I) = 0.5A, Time (t) = 20 min = 1200s Using Q = I × t Q = 0.5A × 1200s = 600C This means 600 coulombs of charge flowed through the bulb filament in 20 minutes, causing it to glow and pr…

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Ohm's Law: Current through a conductor is directly proportional to potential difference across its ends, provided physical conditions remain constant. V = IR When temperature increases, atoms vibrate …