Thermal Energy

Heat is a form of energy

Heat is a form of energy that can do work (like steam lifting a kettle lid), measured in Joules. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a

Temperature is measured using thermometers containing

Temperature is measured using thermometers containing mercury due to its quick thermal response, uniform expansion, and visibility. Three main scales

When substances are heated

When substances are heated, they can change from solid to liquid (melting) or liquid to gas (vaporization) at constant temperatures. Latent heat is th

Most materials expand when heated due

Most materials expand when heated due to increased molecular motion. Linear expansion affects length (ΔL = αL₀Δt), while volume expansion affects over

Specific heat capacity is the amount

Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy needed to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1K temperature. Formula: Q = msΔθ, where Q is heat, m is ma